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| The Nigeria Police |
|---|
Nigerian Police logo
|
| Abbreviation | NPF |
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| Motto | Police is your friend |
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| Agency overview |
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| Formed | 1930 |
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| Preceding agencies |
- Northern Nigeria Police (NNP)
- Southern Nigeria Police (SNP)
|
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| Jurisdictional structure |
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| Operations jurisdiction | Nigeria |
|---|
 |
| Nigeria |
| Size | 923,768 km2 |
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| Population | 174.2 million |
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| Governing body | Ministry Of Interior |
|---|
| Constituting instruments |
- Section 194 of the 1979 constitution
- Nigeria Police Acts
|
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| General nature |
|
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| Headquarters | Louis Edet House, Abuja |
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|
| Sworn members | 371,800 officers [1] |
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| Agency executive |
|
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| Commands |
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| Website |
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| http://www.npf.gov.ng/ |
The Nigeria Police Force is the principal law enforcement agency in
Nigeria [2]
with a staff strength of about 371,800. There are currently plans to
increase the force to 650,000, adding 280,000 new recruits to the
existing 370,000. The NPF is a very large organization consisting of 36
State commands grouped into 12 zones and 7 administrative organs.
[3] The agency is currently headed by IGP
Ibrahim Kpotun Idris.
[4]
History of Nigeria Police Force
Nigeria
Police Force was first established in 1820. The first person to have
the highest rank in all the police is commissioner general colonel KK.
In 1879 a 1,200-member armed paramilitary Hausa Constabulary was formed.
In 1896 the Lagos Police was established. A similar force, the Niger
Coast Constabulary, was formed in
Calabar in 1894 under the newly proclaimed
Niger Coast Protectorate. In the north, the
Royal Niger Company set up the Royal Niger Company Constabulary in 1888 with headquarters. When the protectorates of
Northern and
Southern Nigeria
were proclaimed in the early 1900s, part of the Royal Niger Company
Constabulary became the Northern Nigeria Police, and part of the Niger
Coast Constabulary became the Southern Nigeria Police. During the
colonial period, most police were associated with local governments
(native authorities). In the 1960s, under the First Republic, these
forces were first regionalised and then nationalised.
The NPF performed conventional police functions and was responsible for
internal security generally; for supporting the prison, immigration, and
customs services; and for performing military duties within or outside
Nigeria as directed. Plans were announced in mid-1980 to expand the
force to 200,000. By 1983, according to the federal budget, the strength
of the NPF was almost 152,000, but other sources estimated it to be
between 20,000 and 80,000. Reportedly, there were more than 1,300 police
stations nationwide. Police officers were not usually armed but were
issued weapons when required for specific missions or circumstances.
They were often deployed throughout the country, but in 1989 Babangida
announced that a larger number of officers would be posted to their
native areas to facilitate police- community relations.
Authority
The Nigerian Police (NP) is designated by the 1999 constitution as the national
police of Nigeria with exclusive jurisdiction throughout the country.
[5]
Constitutional provision also exists, however, for the establishment of
separate NPF branches "forming part of the armed forces of the
Federation or for their protection of harbours, waterways, railways and
airfields." One such branch, the Port Security Police, was reported by
different sources to have a strength in 1990 of between 1,500 and
12,000.
Organization
The NPF maintains a three-tier administrative structure of departments, zonal and state commands.
Departments
| TitleRanks |
Departments Monthly Salary |
Responsibilities Annual Salary
|
| Police Recruit |
N9,019.42 |
N108,233
|
Department of Finance and Administration |
Finance and Administration |
General administration and Finance
|
| Police Constable Grade Level 03 |
N43,293.83 |
N519,525.60
|
Department of Operations |
Operations |
Crime prevention, Public Order, Public Safety
|
| Police Constable Grade Level 10 |
N51,113.59 |
N613,363.08
|
Department of Logistics and Supply |
Logistics and Supply |
Works and Police Estate Management
|
| Police Corporal on Grade Level 04 (1) |
N44,715.53 |
N536,586.36
|
Department of Criminal Investigation |
Force Criminal Investigation Department (FORCID) |
Investigation
|
| Police Corporal on Grade Level 04 (10) |
N51,113.59 |
N613,363.08
|
Department of Training and Development |
Training |
Human resources
|
| Police Sergeant on Grade Level 05 (1) |
N48,540.88 |
N582,490.56
|
Department of Research and Planning |
Planning, Research and Development |
Statistics and Data
|
| Police Sergeant on Grade Level 05 (10) |
N55,973.84 |
N671,686.08
|
Department of Information Technology |
Information and communication technology |
Communication management
|
The NPF was under the general operational and administrative control of an
Inspector General
(IGP) appointed by the president and responsible for the maintenance of
law and order. He was supported at headquarters in Lagos by a
Deputy Inspector General
(DIG) and in each state by police commissioners. The 1979 constitution
provided for a Police Service Commission that was responsible for NPF
policy, organization, administration, and finance (except for pensions),
In February 1989,
Babangida
abolished the Police Service Commission and established the Nigeria
Police Council in its stead, under direct presidential control. The new
council was chaired by the president; the chief of General Staff, the
minister of internal affairs, and the police inspector general were
members. As part of the government reorganization in September 1990,
Alhajji Sumaila Gwarzo,
formerly SSS director, was named to the new post of minister of state,
police affairs.
In late 1986, the NPF was reorganized nationwide into seven area
commands, which superseded a command structure corresponding to each of
the
States of Nigeria.
Each command was under a commissioner of police and was further divided
into police provinces and divisions under local officers. NPF
headquarters, which was also an area command, supervised and coordinated
the other area commands. Later these Area Commands were grouped under
Zone Commands as follows:
Zone 1, Headquartered
Kano, with Kano,
Kastina, and
Jigawa Commands
Zone 2, Headquartered
Lagos, with
Lagos, and
Ogun commands
Zone 3, Headquartered
Yola, with
Adamawa, and
Gombe
Commands
The 1986 NPF reorganization was occasioned by a public eruption of
tensions between the police and the army. A superintendent was suspended
for a time for grumbling that the army had usurped police functions and
kept police pay low, and there were fights between police and army
officers over border patrol jurisdiction. The armed forces chief of
staff announced a thorough reorganization of the NPF into the seven new
area commands and five directorates (criminal investigations, logistics,
supplies, training, and operations) under deputy inspectors general.
About 2,000 constables and 400 senior police officers were dismissed by
mid-1987, leaving senior police officers disgruntled.
In mid-1989 another NPF reorganization was announced after the AFRC's
acceptance of a report by Rear Admiral Murtala Nyako. In 1989 the NPF
also created a Quick Intervention Force in each state, separate from the
mobile police units, specifically to monitor political events and to
quell unrest during the transition to civil rule. Each state unit of
between 160 and 400 police was commanded by an assistant superintendent
and equipped with vehicles, communications gear, weapons, and crowd
control equipment, including cane shields, batons, and tear gas.
A
Federal Investigation and Intelligence Bureau
(FIIB) was to be set up as the successor to the Directorate of
Intelligence and Investigation; three directorates were established for
operations, administration, and logistics, each headed by a deputy
inspector general.
The Directorate of Operations was subdivided into four units under a
deputy director—operations, training, communications, and the
Mobile Police.
The Directorate of Administration was composed of an administration unit
headed by an assistant inspector general (AIG), and of budget and
personnel units under commissioners.
The Directorate of Logistics had four units—procurement,
workshop/transport, supply, and work/maintenance—under AIGs. The zonal
arrangements were retained. However, AIGs were authorized to transfer
officers up to the rank of chief superintendent, to set up provost
units, to deploy mobile units, and to promote officers between the ranks
of sergeant and inspector.
The above three Directorates were renamed Departments
Criminal Investigation Department
D
Department
The Criminal Investigation Department (CID) is the highest criminal
investigation arm of the Nigeria Police NPF. The Department is headed by
a Deputy Inspector-General (DIG). Its primary functions include
investigation and prosecution of serious and complex criminal cases
within and outside the Country. The Department also coordinates crime
investigations throughout the NPF. The CID is divided into sections,
with most of them headed by Commissioners of Police (CPs). The Sections
are:
- i. Administration
- ii. Anti-Fraud Section
- iii. The Central Criminal Registry (CCR)
- iv. Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS)
- v. X-Squad
- vi. General Investigation
- vii. Special Fraud Unit (SFU)
- viii. Legal Section
- ix. Forensic Science Laboratory
- x. Interpol Liaison
- xi. Homicide
- xii. Anti-Human Trafficking Unit
- xiii. Force Intelligence Bureau (FIB)
- xiv. DCI Kaduna Annex
- xv. Counter Terrorism Unit (CTU)
Police Mobile Force
A police shed for standing during rainy and sunny period of work on road traffic.
The
Police Mobile Force was established as a strike or
Anti-riot unit
under the control of the Inspector-General of Police to counter
incidents of civil disturbance. It is designated to take over operations
of major crisis where conventional police units cannot cope.
There are presently 12 MOPOL Commands, MOPOLs 1 thru 12, controlling 52
Police Mobile Squadrons which are spread amongst the 36
State Commands and
Federal Capital Territory (FCT).
Supervision of the Nigeria Police
Three major
Governmental Agencies oversee the control and supervision of the Nigerian Police Force;
The Police Service Commission, the Nigerian Police Council and Ministry of interior.
[6]
- The Police Service Commission (PSC)
The PSC is the civilian oversight body on the police. It is
responsible for appointment, promotion, and discipline of all police
officers except the Inspector General of Police. It shall collaborate,
cooperate and work with all the stake holders, namely the police council
with the
President of Nigeria as Chairman, all the Governors of the
Federating States of Nigeria, the
Minister of Interior
and the Inspector-General of Police as members to turn the police
around and enable it to meet the challenges of the 21st century.
- The Nigeria Police Council (NPC)
- The Ministry of Interior
Ranks in the Nigeria Police [in descending order][7]
- Inspector General
- Deputy Inspector-General of Police
- Assistant Inspector-General of Police
- Commissioner of Police
- Deputy Commissioner of Police
- Assistant Commissioner of Police
- Chief Superintendent of Police
- Superintendent of Police
- Deputy Superintendent of Police
- Assistant Superintendent of Police
- Inspector of Police
- Sergeant Major
- Sergeant
- Corporal
- Constable
Finances
The
NPF operating budget between 1984 and 1988 remained in the N360 million
to N380 million range, and in 1988 increased to N521 million. More
notable were large capital expenditure infusions of N206 million in 1986
and N260.3 million in 1988, representing 3.5 and 2.5 percent of total
federal capital expenditures in those years. These increases were used
to acquire new communications equipment, transport, and weapons to
combat the rising crime wave, such as 100 British
Leyland DAF
Comet trucks delivered in 1990 Despite these purchases, an NPF study in
late 1990 concluded that the force's budget must double to meet its
needs.
Following
the salary increase of 2010, the federal government under the
leadership of Goodluck Jonathan extended the salary and allowance
package to the military, para-military, police and intelligence
community, who were not always covered by similar salary reviews in the
past. The extension of the jumbo increase to other public servants as
opposed to the core civil servants, shot the entire wage bill to N267. 4
billion in year 2010. Based on this salary structure below are the
details of salary per rank or grade of Nigerian Police officers.
However, it should be noted that that the Federal Government of Nigeria
under the leadership of President M. Buhari has on the 26th of November
2018 approved a new salary structure, however the details are yet to be
made public hence it is not included or updated into the table below.
| S/NO |
Ranks |
Monthly Salary |
Annual Salary
|
| 1 |
Police Recruit |
N9,019.42 |
N108,233
|
| 2a |
Police Constable Grade Level 03 |
N43,293.83 |
N519,525.60
|
| b |
Police Constable Grade Level 10 |
N51,113.59 |
N613,363.08
|
| 3a |
Police Corporal on Grade Level 04 (1) |
N44,715.53 |
N536,586.36
|
| b |
Police Corporal on Grade Level 04 (10) |
N51,113.59 |
N613,363.08
|
| 4a |
Police Sergeant on Grade Level 05 (1) |
N48,540.88 |
N582,490.56
|
| b |
Police Sergeant on Grade Level 05 (10) |
N55,973.84 |
N671,686.08
|
| 5a |
Sergeant Major on Grade Level 06 (1) |
N55,144.81 |
N661,737.72
|
| b |
Sergeant Major on Grade Level 06 (10) |
N62,204.88 |
N746,458.56
|
| 6a |
Cadet Inspector on Grade Level 07 (1) |
N73,231.51 |
N878,778.12
|
| b |
Cadet Inspector on Grade Level 07 (10) |
N87,135.70 |
N1,045,628.40
|
| 7a |
Assistant Superintendent of Police on Grade Level 08 (1) |
N127,604.68 |
N1,531,256.16
|
| b |
Assistant Superintendent of Police on Grade Level 08 (10) |
N144,152.07 |
N1,729,824.84
|
| 8a |
Assistant Superintendent of Police on Grade Level 09 (1) |
N136,616.06 |
N1,639,392.72
|
| b |
Assistant Superintendent of Police on Grade Level 09 (10) |
N156,318.39 |
N1,875,820.68
|
| 9a |
Deputy Superintendent of Police on Grade Level 10 (1) |
N148,733.29 |
N1,784,799.48
|
| b |
Deputy Superintendent of Police on Grade Level 10 (10) |
N170,399.69 |
N2,044,796.28
|
| 10a |
Superintendent of Police on Level 11 (1) |
N161,478.29 |
N1,937,739.49
|
| b |
Superintendent of Police on Grade Level 11 (10) |
N187,616 |
N2,251,400.28
|
| 11a |
Chief Superintendent of Police on Grade Level 12 (1) |
N172,089.06 |
N2,065,068.72
|
| b |
Chief Superintendent of Police on Grade Level 12 (08) |
N199,723.96 |
N2,396,687.52
|
| 12a |
Assistant Commissioner of Police on Grade Level 13 (1) |
N183,185.73 |
N2,198,228.76
|
| b |
Assistant Commissioner of Police on Grade Level 13 (10) |
N212,938.96 |
N2,555,257.92
|
| 13a |
Deputy Commissioner of Police on Grade Level 14 (1) |
N242,715.65 |
N2,912,587.80
|
| b |
Deputy Commissioner of Police on Grade Level 14 (07) |
N278,852.79 |
N3,346,233.48
|
| 14a |
Commissioner of Police on Grade Level 15 (1) |
N266,777.79 |
N3,201,333.48
|
| b |
Commissioner for Police on Grade Level 15 (06) |
N302,970.47 |
N3,635,645.64
|
| 15 |
Assistant Inspector General of Police |
N499,751.87 |
N5,997,022.44
|
| 16 |
Deputy Inspector General of Police |
N546,572.73 |
N6,558,872.76
|
| 17 |
Inspector General of Police |
N711,498 |
N8,537,976
|
Issues
Although
generally considered an attractive career, the NPF experienced endemic
problems with recruiting, training, inefficiency, and indiscipline, and
it lacked expertise in specialized fields. Corruption and dishonesty
were widespread, engendering a low level of public confidence, failure
to report crimes, and tendencies to resort to self-help. Police were
more adept at paramilitary operations and the exercise of force than at
community service functions or crime prevention, detection, and
investigation.
[11] During the Regime of former head of state
Olushegun Obasanjo,
an attempt was made to expand the NPF by reducing the recruitment age
from nineteen to seventeen and by enrolling demobilized soldiers, but it
failed. In mid-1980 the then federal police minister acknowledged that
the police had recovered only 14 percent of the US$900 million worth of
property reported stolen in the preceding six months, and that only 20
percent of the 103,000 persons arrested had been found guilty, a
performance record about the same as that reported in the 1960s. The use
of excessive violence in quelling student disorders led the AFRC in
June 1986 to direct the police to use only rubber bullets in containing
student riots. Reports of police collusion with criminals were common,
as were official appeals to police officers to change their attitude
toward the public, to be fair and honest, and to avoid corrupt
practices. In an effort to reduce bribery and to make identification of
offenders easier, police officers on beats and at checkpoints were not
allowed to carry more than N5 on their person.
In September 2005, Nigeria withdrew 120 police officers serving in the
UN Congo mission because of accusations that they had engaged in sexual
abuses.
[12]
The NPF is alleged to follow a policy of "Fire for Fire" in which many
captured suspects die in police custody or are "shot while attempting to
escape". Decades of police and official corruption and continued
failure to train police officers properly has led to a situation where
extrajudicial killing
is an accepted form of dealing with people the police believe to be
criminals. The most recent victim of which is Yusuf Mohamed, the leader
of the
Boko Haram sect in Nigeria, was alive when captured by the army.
[13][14]
Even before the violence surrounding the Boko Haram uprising in northern
Nigeria, there were questions over the conduct of the security forces.
The government is currently attempting to reform the police. They have
produced a White Paper with 79 recommendations for improving the police
force, which is due to be considered by the National Assembly and turned
into a Police Reform Bill. Key reforms such as: Police officers are
paid as little as $40 (£26) a month, this should be raised to $100 for
police constables, Deal with the estimated 10,000 officers with criminal
records hired between 2001 and 2004, Establish a reliable system for
the public to complain about the police, better educated Recruits should
attain a certain level of qualification before being considered, job
applications should be transparently managed, policemen should not have
to buy their own, the police are in dire need of an up-to-date
communication network, and the police should be given better
investigating tools and the training to use them
[15] The Nigerian Police was ranked as the institution viewed as the most corrupt in Nigeria, according to a survey done at
Ahmadu Bello University.
[16]
2008 statistics
- 4% decrease in reported crime
- 36.8% decrease in offenses against Local Acts
- 18.8% decrease in offenses against Lawful Authority
- 3.6% decrease in offenses against property
- 2,433 vehicles stolen, 1,646 recovered
- 37% decrease in Road Traffic Offenses
- 66,522,000 Naira (Nigerian Currency) recovered
- Senior Police Officers: 20,613
- Investigators: 28,175
- Rank and File: 263,425
Comparative analysis of Offences for 2008 & 2009'
The data below show the crime statistics spread sheet on offences
against Persons, offences against Property, offences against Lawful
Authority
and offences against Local Acts, 2009 in all the State Commands
| Offences against Persons 2008- 35,109 |
2009- 38,955 (Increase); Offences against Property 2008- 47,626 |
2009-64, 286 (Increase)
|
| Offences against Authority 2008- 5,938 |
2009- 7,878 (Increase); Offences against Local Acts 2008- 90,156 |
2009- 1,378 (Decrease)
|
An interactive website, the Nigeria Police Watch has made the
reporting of crime and chronicling of police activities easier for the
Nigerian public through various tools.
D+Z, a magazine focused on development, reports that Freedom Radio, a
three-year-old weekly radio programme, is also helping to curb
corruption in Kano, Dutse, and Jigawa states by allowing citizens to
voice complaints and experiences. It also has a representative from the
police force there to address these complaints and talk about new
undertakings and normal operations of the police force. Although the
number of corruption and human rights violation reports has decreased,
it is a good sign because it shows that the programme is effective.
[17]
Training
Police training was directed from headquarters by a deputy inspector general designated as commander. Recruits were trained at
Police colleges in Oji River, Maiduguri, Kaduna, and Ikeja,
which also offered training to other security personnel, such as armed
immigration officers. The Police College at Ikeja trained cadet
assistant superintendents and cadet subinspectors.
There were also in-service training schools, including the Police Mobile
Force Training School at Guzuo, southwest of Abuja, the Counter
Terrorism (CTU) training school, Nonwa Tai, Rivers State, the Police
Detective College at Enugu, the Police Dogs Service Training Centre, and
the Mounted Training Centre.
In August 1989,
Former head of state, General Ibrahim Babangida (RTD) laid down the foundation stone for a Nigerian Police Academy (NPA) in Kano State. The NPA was to be affiliated with
Bayero University
until adequate infrastructure was available for independent operation.
Admission was to be regulated by merit, by the quota system, and by
federal character. The commandant was to be at least an AIG and assisted
by a provost who would oversee the academic program. Modeled after the
Nigerian Defence Academy
in Kaduna, the NPA would offer a five-year academic and professional
degree program for new cadets and an eighteen-month intensive course for
college graduates aspiring to a police career. Babangida also disclosed
plans to obtain technical assistance from Britain to establish a
central planning and training program to modernize and upgrade police
training.
2009 Nigeria religious violence
Religious violence resulted in at least 150 deaths in two days after a series of attacks on 26 July 2009 in several
Nigerian cities.
[18][19] Bauchi in
Bauchi State,
Maiduguri in
Borno State,
Potiskum in
Yobe State and
Wudil have all been attacked. Witnesses now claim over 250 people are dead.
[20] Nigeria claims that most of the dead are militants.
The battles began on 26 July when
Boko Haram, a
militant Islamist
organisation, attacked a police station in retaliation for the arrest
of its leaders. Police responded with their own retaliation and a curfew
fell on the area. The attacks spread and by the next day corpses were
located at police stations, people were fleeing their homes and some
were being pulled from their cars to be shot dead as police stations
burned to the ground.
Nigerian troops then surrounded the home of
Mohammed Yusuf in Maiduguri on 28 July after his followers barricaded themselves inside.
It is the worst sectarian violence the country has experienced since November 2008.
[20] It has been suggested that politics, not religion, is the cause of the violence.
[21]
See also
References
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"Nigeria / Africa / Member countries / Internet / Home - INTERPOL". Interpol.int. Retrieved 2016-08-08.
"Home Page - Nigeria Police Force". Npf.gov.ng. 2016-07-29. Retrieved 2016-08-08.
[1][dead link]
Odeyemi, Temitayo I.; Obiyan, A. Sat (2017-11-14). "Exploring the subsidiarity principle in policing and the operations of the Nigeria Police Force". African Security Review. 27 (1): 42–60. doi:10.1080/10246029.2017.1383924. ISSN 1024-6029.
Odeyemi, Temitayo I.; Obiyan, A. Sat (2017-11-14). "Exploring the subsidiarity principle in policing and the operations of the Nigeria Police Force". African Security Review. 27 (1): 42–60. doi:10.1080/10246029.2017.1383924. ISSN 1024-6029.
"RANKS NG". Retrieved 22 September 2016.
https://www.nigerianinfopedia.com/nigerian-police-salary-structure-much-nigerian-police-officer-paid/
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https://nigerianfinder.com/nigeria-police-salary-scale-structure/
Odeyemi, Temitayo Isaac; Obiyan, A. Sat (2018-03-26). "Digital policing technologies and democratic policing". International Journal of Police Science & Management. 20 (2): 97–108. doi:10.1177/1461355718763448. ISSN 1461-3557.
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"Sect leader 'alive when captured'". BBC News. 2009-08-03. Retrieved 2010-05-20.
"Brutal reality of Nigeria killing". BBC News. 2009-07-31. Retrieved 2010-05-20.
"Can Nigeria's police be reformed?". BBC News. 2009-07-30. Retrieved 2010-05-20.
"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-20.
"D+C
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Cooperation - International Journal". Inwent.org. Retrieved 2012-11-07.
"Nigerian Islamist attacks spread". BBC. 2009-07-27. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
"Over 100 dead in Nigerian clashes". RTÉ. 2009-07-27. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
"Nigerian forces shell sect leader's home". The Sydney Morning Herald. 2009-07-29. Retrieved 2009-07-29.
Other sources
This article incorporates public domain material from the Library of Congress Country Studies website http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/.- World Police Encyclopedia, ed. by Dilip K. Das & Michael Palmiotto published by Taylor & Francis. 2004,
- World Encyclopedia of Police Forces and Correctional Systems, second edition, Gale., 2006
- http://www.informationng.com/2010/07/jonathan-extends-pay-rise-to-military-police.html
H
External links
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Law enforcement in Africa
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